Today's Stories

May 10 / 11, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
Real Clear Numbers: 101,000 Causalties a Year

May 9, 2008

Franklin Lamb
A Wild Day in Beirut

Andy Worthington
The Afghans of Gitmo

Benjamin Dangl
Polarizing Bolivia

Mark A. Huddle
Remembering Mildred Loving, an Unsung Hero of the Civil Rights Movement

David Macaray
Hollywood Gives SAG the Brush Off

Dave Lindorff
Team Clinton: Going Down Ugly

C.G. Estabrook
The Way We Live Now

Matt Kosko
McCain, Clinton, Obama and the Wages of Lesser-Evilism

Robert Weissman
Big Business is not the Solution to Global Poverty

Michael Dickinson
Jailing the Joint

Website of the Day
The Role of Third Parties in the U.S.A.

May 8, 2008

Sharon Smith
Rockefeller Family Fables

Saul Landau
The NATO Axiom

Laura Carlsen
A Primer on Plan Mexico

Binoy Kampmark
Food Riots are Coming to the U.S.

Kenneth Couesbouc
China's Paper Feet

Liaquat Ali Khan
Pakistan's Constitutional Shenanigans

Franklin Lamb
Blindsided, Hezbollah Mulls Its Response

Sen. Russ Feingold
Government in Secret

George Wuerthner
The Problems with Conservation Easements

Richard W. Behan
A Brief Exposé of a Fraudulent War

Adam Federman
Marching for Sean Bell

Website of the Day
State of the Air

May 7, 2008

Winslow T. Wheeler
Drowning in Dollars

Joanne Mariner
Torture After Dark

Col. Dan Smith
It's Lying and It's Murder: How KBR Electrocuted US Troops

Brian M. Downing
Reports From Foreign Provinces

Andy Worthington
Who are the Prisoners Released with Sami al-Haj?

John Stauber
Pentagon Propaganda Documents Go Online, But Will the Media Ever Report on Them?

Christopher Brauchli
Outsourcing Tax Collection

Nelson P. Valdés
Cinco de Mayo and Cinco de Agosto: Mexican History and Manufactured Identities

Rep. Keith Ellison
High Court Deals Blow to Voting Rights

Dan Bacher
Undam the Klamath, Mr. Buffett!

Website of the Day
Green Porno

May 6, 2008

Pam Martens
The Obama Bubble Agenda

Nikolas Kozloff
U.S. is Promoting Secession in Bolivia

Marjorie Cohn
Under U.S. Law Torture is Always Illegal

Ralph Nader
America's Pay-or-Die Health Care System

Yigal Bronner
Archaeologists for Hire

Brian Cloughley
No Laws for Bush America

Jacob Hornberger
Killing Enemies Without Trial

Walter Brasch
People Who Don't Need People

Paul Krassner
An Open Letter to Michael Moore

Manuel Garcia, Jr.
Running Mates from the Imaginary Plane

Website of the Day
Some People

May 5, 2008

Pam Martens
Obama's Money Cartel

Conn Hallinan
The Syrian Affair

Corey D. B. Walker
The End of Politics

Uri Avnery
Crusader Anxiety: Israel at 60

Dave Zirin
Refocusing Olympic Protest

Corporate Crime Reporter
Wiist's Crusade Against Corporations

Robert Jensen
The Selling and Shaping of Our Souls

Daniel White
What People Want to Hear About in Austin, Texas

Benjamin Dangl
May Day Raid on General Dynamics

Website of the Day
McCain's Pastor of Hate: "Starve. I Don't Care. Starve."

May 3 / 4, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
Has Rev. Wright Cost Obama the Presidency?

Nikolas Kozloff
The Shameful Failure of the Black Congressional Caucus

Diane Farsetta
What the Pentagon Pundits Were Selling on the Side

Tariq Ali
New Labour is Dead

Harry Browne
The USA's Other Island: Irish Leaders and the War on Terror

Wajahat Ali
Pakistan's New Daughter of Destiny? An Exclusive Interview with Fatima Bhutto

David Yearsley
A Challenge to Jeffrey Eugenides

Greg Moses
Salamat, Riad Hamad

William Blum
Rev. Wright, the CIA and the AIDS Thing

Robert Fantina
The Rhetoric of John McCain

Fred Gardner
The Greatest Story Never Told

Dave Lindorff
Blame It On Paraguay: The Bush Family's Bad Real Estate Deal

Seth Sandronsky
Standardizing Learning

Binoy Kampmark
Brown, Boris and the British Council Elections

Howard Lisnoff
The Lost First Amendment

Daniel Cassidy
Slanguage: Paddy Works on the Erie

Bill Moyers
Shrink-Wrapping the Theology of Rev. Wright

Jeffrey St. Clair
Booked Up

Poets' Basement
John Holt / Akbar Khan

Website of the Weekend
Ed Abbey, Patron Saint of the Walker's Rights Movement

May 2, 2008

Andrew Cockburn
Secret Bush "Finding" Widens Covert War on Iran

David Isenberg
The Return of Limited Nuclear War?

Vijay Prashad
Driven to Terror: the Case of the Lackawana Six

William Blum
Spies Without Borders

David Macaray
Shutting Down the West Coast Ports: the ILWU's May Day Strike

Rannie Amiri
Is Sadr City Becoming the Next Gaza?

William James Martin
The Carter Coup

Stephanie Westbrook
As Italy Lurches Rightward, a Ray of Hope from Vicenza

Linn Washington, Jr.
A Battle Over Murals in Parisian Ghettos

Anthony Papa
How the Byrne Fund Corrupts Cops and Destroys Lives

Website of the Day
The Serota Petition

May 1, 2008

Michael Hudson
The Fed Sinks the Dollar

Behzad Yaghmaian
Blaming the Yuan for the Deficit with China

Wajahat Ali
The Dark Knight: the Real Rise of Obama

Dedrick Muhammad
Senator Obama, Please Come to Your Senses

Cynthia McKinney
Police in America Can Kill Some People With Impunity

Corporate Crime Reporter
Farm Broadcaster Fired After Ripping Monsanto's Goon Squads

Manuel Garcia, Jr.
The Speech That Might Have Been

Reza Fiyouzat
Stop Obliterating Yourself!

Leigh Saavedra
Suspending the Federal Gas Tax

Tom Semioli
Hollywood Hypocrite: an Open Letter to Michael Moore

Website of the Day
Why Won't McCain Release His Medical Records?

April 30, 2008

William P. O'Connor
The Day I Lost My Innocence

Bob Fitrakis /
Harvey Wasserman
Did the Supreme Court Just Elect John McCain?

Tariq Ali
Storming Heaven: 1968 Revisited

John Ross
Bad Jazz in NOLA: Three NAFTA Leaders Sit It for the Last Time

Glen Ford
Pop Goes the Race-Neutral Campaign!

Joshua Frank
Election Season Piffle: Thinking Outside the Voting Booth

Ashley Smith
Iraq After Basra

Robert Weissman
Medical R&D That Works in the Developing World

Sen. Russ Feingold
Bush's Shroud of Secrecy

Website of the Day
Richard Nixon, April 30, 1970

April 29, 2008

Uri Avnery
The Military Option

Roedad Khan
Why Gen. Musharraf Must Go

Chris Floyd
The Torture Election

Paul Craig Roberts
The Iraq War Morphs Into the Iran War

Dave Lindorff
Invasion of the Pumpheads

Mats Svensson
Mental Barriers in Palestine

Peter Morici
Will the Fed Broaden Its Focus?

Mike Ferner
Inside American Royalty's Security Bubble

John Weisheit
Towing Icebergs to San Pedro

Amit Srivastava
China Olympics, Tibet Crackdown, Coke Profits

Website of the Day
Tom Friedman Gets Creamed

April 28, 2008

JoAnn Wypijewski
On Queen's Boulevard, the Night Sean Bell's Killers Got Off

Mike Whitney
Jeremiah Wright Delivers the Knockout Punch: But Will It Topple Obama?

Iris Keltz
The Fruiting Fig Tree: Memories of East Jerusalem

Steve Niva
The New Walls of Baghdad: the Israeli Model Surges Toward Iraq

David Macaray
CAFTA's Bloodtrails

John Ross
"Adelitas" Shut Down Mexico's Congress

Stephen Lendman
The Politics of Green Scare

Malou Innocent
On "Withdrawing Responsibly" from Iraq

Christopher Brauchli
Want to Learn the Ins-and-Outs of the Slumping Economy? Just Ask Ashley ...

William Kaufman
Michael Moore's Embrace of Obama: a Polemic Devoid of Politics

Website of the Day
Get Your Fix

April 26 / 27, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
Nothing Will Get Hillary Out of the Race

Ralph Nader
A World of Hunger

Peter Camejo
A Crying Shame: the Wages of Left Capitulation

Harvey Wasserman
Making You Pay for the Next Chernobyl--in Advance!

Franklin Lamb
Will U.S. Policy in Lebanon and the Middle East Ever Change?

Wajahat Ali
Fisk Fighting: an Exclusive Interview with Robert Fisk

Mike Whitney
Food Riots and Speculators

Andrew Wimmer
Obliterate Them!

David Yearsley
Nero, Frederick the Great, Nixon ... They All Did It Better Than Clinton

Greg Moses
Chicago: the Stupid Experiment

Ron Jacobs
Walking the Lonely Road

Robert Fantina
Bush v. Carter: Let History Judge

Missy Comley Beattie
Introducing President McCain

Linn Cohen-Cole
The Criminalization of Raw Milk: a Mennonite Farmer is Hauled Away

Paul Krassner
Remembering Ruben Salazar

Jeffrey St. Clair
Booked Up

Poets' Basement
Buknatski, Khaiyat, Lair, and Kowit

Website of the Weekend
Justice for Sean Bell

April 25, 2008

George Ciccariello-Maher
Embedded with the Tupamaros

Dave Lindorff
The Bitter and the Biased: How Clinton Courted Racists in Pennsylvania

Franklin Lamb
The Israeli Project Has Failed in Lebanon

Alan Farago
Hacking the Development Code: the Politics of Zoning in Florida

John W. Farley
Syiran Nukes: the Phantom Menace

Kathleen M. Barry
Some Questions for "Femininists for Clinton:" Is There Really Any Difference Between Hillary and Condi?

Mohammed Alireza
Cowboys and Iranians

Nick Dearden
Haiti and the Black Hole of Debt

Carmelo Ruiz Marrero
Why Biotech is Betting on Biofuels

Bruce Springsteen
Farewell to Danny

Website of the Day
It's Bigger Than Hip Hop

April 24, 2008

Linn Washington, Jr.
Duplicity Demeans Clinton Campaign (or When Bill Praised Farrakhan)

Franklin Lamb
Bush to Nasrallah: an Offer Hezbollah Cannot Refuse?

Jennifer Van Bergen
The High Crimes of John Yoo: the President's Executioner

Joanne Mariner
U.S. Hypocrisy and the Malaysian Guantánamo

Mark Engler
Trade Politics and the Battle for the Soul of the Democratic Party

Dave Lindorff
The Politics of Obliteration: Hillary's Monstrous Threat

John Blair
Obama's Missed Opportunities in Evansville: Did He Even Know It Was Earth Day?

De Clarke / Stan Goff
Politics is Food is Politics

Binoy Kampmark
Bowling for Boris: the Tories, Red Ken and the London Mayoral Race

Philippe Marlière
Sarkozy and the Specter of May 68

Peter Morici
The Bank of England Misses the Point

Website of the Day
Fair Food Nation

April 23, 2008

Cockburn / St. Clair
Straggling to Denver

Vijay Prashad
McCain's Mask

Paul Craig Roberts
What the Iraq War is About

Stephen Soldz
The Involuntary Drugging of U.S. Detainees

Laura Santina
Hillary: Another Feminist Perspective

John Stauber /
Sheldon Rampton
Pentagon News Networks

Dave Lindorff
What Double Digit Win? Media Round Up in PA

George Ciccariello-Maher
Radical Chavismo Growls a Challenge

Ralph Nader
Andy Stern's Rackets

John Weisheit
Rearranging Deck Chairs at Glen Canyon Dam

Website of the Day
Wal-Mart's "Cost of Admission"

April 22, 2008

David Isenberg
Spinning Saddam's Linkages

Stan Cox
The Political Economics of Greenwashing

David Macaray
Memo to the Clinton Campaign: They Are Still Murdering Labor Unionists in Colombia

Jeff Birkenstein
Playing the Opposite Game: Or Why Can't I Sell Out?

Mike Whitney
Memo to Bernanke: Enough With the Rate Cuts, Already!

Nikolas Kozloff
Bush's Paraguayan Fiasco

Floyd Rudmin
From Lhasa to Bilbao: Journey of a Double Standard

Carlos Villarreal
Why John Yoo Should be Dismissed From Boalt Law School--And Prosecuted

Ray McGovern
What About the War, Pope Benedict?

Michael Gould-Wartofsky
El Barrio Fights Back Against Globalized Gentrification

Robert Ovetz
A Fish Tale

Pat Wolff
Rightwing Power Grab in Cornhusker State

Website of the Day
Defend the Rutgers 3!

April 21, 2008

Bill Quigley
The U.S. Role in Haiti's Food Riots

Uri Avnery
The Lion and the Gazelle

Dave Lindorff
The U.S. Economy and the Costs of War

Wajahat Ali
Finding Osama Bin Laden with Morgan Spurlock

Andy Worthington
Hollow Gestures at Guantánamo

Robert Jensen
The Sorrows of Race and Gender

Ron Jacobs
Clampdown at Evergreen

Dan Bacher
The Great Salmon Closure

Harvey Wasserman
Where's George?

Danny Alexander
Remembering Danny Federici

Website of the Day
Save Our Taco Trucks!

April 19 / 20, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
McCain: What Really Happened When He Was a POW?

Patrick Cockburn
A New Struggle is Beginning in Iraq

Wajahat Ali
Zinn Speaks

Andrew Wimmer
Papal Benedictions

Rev. William E. Alberts
Jeremiah Wright and America's Continuing "Separate and Unequal" Societies

David Rosen
Texas Two-Step: The Polygamy Raid and the Regulation of Sexual Life

Robert Fantina
McCain Detests War?

Ramzy Baroud
The Politics of Armageddon: McCain's Pastors and the Middle East

Saul Landau
The No Escape Clause on Iraq

Dr. Susan Block
Raelians, Aliens and Evolution

David Yearsley
Suitcase Arias and Ithacan Jazz

Phyllis Pollack
On the Red Carpet with the Rolling Stones

Jeffrey St. Clair
Booked Up

Poets' Basement
Hartz, Newberry and Khaiyat

April 18, 2008

John Ross
The Bush Legacy: Losing Latin America

Dave Lindorff
Courage and Conviction: In Praise of Bill Ayers

Dan Glazebrook
An Interview with Robert Fisk

Carl Finamore
A Look Inside the Hangars

Rannie Amiri
J Street: Do We Really Need Another Pro-Israel Lobby?

Richard Morse
A Creepy Roadblock at Midnight

Ko Young-dae
CONPLAN 8022: Inside Bush's Nuclear War Plan for the Korean Peninsula

Farooq Sulehria
A Himalayan Surprise

April 17, 2008

Michael Hudson
Hillary Joins the Vast Rightwing Financial Conspiracy

Robert Bryce
The Ethanol Apologists

Kathy Kelly
Weary of War? Don't Collaborate

Madis Senner
The Carrion Feeders' Ball: How Hedge Funds Reap Billions Off Economic Misery

Peter Morici
The G7, the Banks and GE

Ron Jacobs
Washington, al-Maliki and the Militias

William S. Lind
A Confirming Moment in Basra

James Murren
Obama's Disconnect with Small Town America

Ben Terrall
Losing Haiti

Walter Brasch
Political Log Rolling in Clinton County, PA

Website of the Day
Stealth Attack: Homegrown "Terrorism" Bill

April 16, 2008

Bill Kauffman
The Candidates from Nowhere

Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Colonization and Massacres

Saul Landau
How to Leave Iraq

Peter Morici
McCain's Economic Plan: GOP Out of Ideas (But So are the Democrats)

Eric Toussaint /
Damien Millet
Bankers Saved, Human Rights Sacrificed

Jeff Ballinger
Inside Nike's Asian Sweatshops: Squeezed Vietnamese Workers Strike Back

David Macaray
Union Strikes and Replacement Workers

Gary Leupp
Electoral Revolution in Nepal

Richard Morse
The Food Riots in Haiti

George Ciccariello-Maher
Einstein Turns in His Grave

Dave Lindorff
Letters from the Bitter Belt

Website of the Day
Surviving Prozac

April 15, 2008

Ralph Nader
The Politics of Distraction in an Age of Gotcha Capitalism

Uri Avnery
Manifest Destiny and Israel

Brian Cloughley
Arrogant Lies

David Price
Outrageous Pre-Tour de France Ban

Joe Bageant
Bitter America: Media Shit Storms and Heartland Reality

Steve Early
The Purple Punch-Out in Dearborn

Mats Svensson
To Create Something from Nothing: the Making of a Palestinian State

Michael Donnelly
Dead-Eye Hil and the Elitist

April Howard /
Benjamin Dangl
Dissecting the Politics of Paraguay's Next President

Laray Polk
Let's Not Put the Torch in a Bubble

Charles Modiano
What Does a Woman Have to Do to Get on the Cover of Sports Illustrated?

Website of the Day
The $3 Trillion Shopping Spree

April 14, 2008

Carl Finamore
Airline Deregulation Makes a Hard Landing

Michael Hudson
A Trillion Dollar Rescue for Wall Street Gamblers

M. Shahid Alam
Hizbullah's Big Win: Has Israel Finally Met Its Match?

Patrick Cockburn
A Cleric, a Pol and a Warrior

Paul Craig Roberts
Petraeus Sets Up Iran

Joanne Mariner
Redition to Jordan: What Happens When the Gloves Come Off?

Martha Rosenberg
Suicide and Cymbalta

Dave Lindorff
The Bitterness Thing: Is Obama Channeling Nader

P. Sainath
Hot Messages to Sex Dancer Doom Condi's New Finnish Pal

John V. Whitbeck
On Hypocrisy Over Tibet: a Personal Reflection

Website of the Day
Spying on Environmental Groups

April 12 / 13, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
Olympic Torch Toasts US Candidates

Patrick Cockburn
Warlord: the Rise of Muqtada al-Sadr

Mike Whitney
Want to Save the Economy?

David Yearsley
Film Scores and Westerns: the Stealth Cavalry of Empire

Robert Fantina
Bush's Brand of Morality

Conn Hallinan
Another Defining Moment in Iraq

Bill Hatch
In Praise of Hippies and the Counter-Culture

Ramzy Baroud
The Basra Battles

George S. Hishmeh
Back to Square One

Ron Jacobs
The New New Left in Latin America

Nikolas Kozloff
Olympic Torch in Buenos Aires

Charles Thomson
The British Prime Minister and the Tate's Tin of Shit

Alexander Billet
The Disney-fication of CBGB

Missy Beattie
Huffing and Puffing to Failure

David Michael Green
America's Jones for War

Seth Sandronsky
Education Entrepreneurs

Prairie Miller
Meeting David Wilson

Jeffrey St. Clair
Booked Up

Poets' Basement
Ko Un, Ibn Salma and Greaves

Website of the Weekend
Americans United for Palestinian Human Rights

April 11, 2008

Nikolas Kozloff
The Clintons and Their Sordid Colombia Advocacy

Wajahat Ali
Revenge of the Ghetto Nerd: an Exclusive Interview with Junot Diaz

Sharon Smith
Let Them Eat Ethanol!

Yigal Bronner / Neve Gordon
Digging for Trouble: the Politics of Archaeology in East Jerusalem

Alan Farago
Eating South Florida

Dave Lindorff
On Waking Sleeping Giants: Lessons for America from China

George Wuerthner
Money for Nothing? The Problems with the Conservation Reserve Program

Christopher Brauchli
Prostitutes Don't Do Funerals

Website of the Day
Animals Explain the Insurance Industry: a Health Care Video

April 10, 2008

Mathieu Vernerey
Tibet for the Tibetans!

Elizabeth Schulte
Slavery in the Fields

David Macaray
Labor Unions Will Never Get a Fair Shake

Ashley Smith
The Rise of Muqtada al-Sadr

Peter Morici
Driving Up Debt and Dragging Down Growth

Jacob Hornberger
The Military's Distintegrating Family Life

Harold Austin
Snitch or Else: Prison Officials Threaten Gang Drop Outs

Website of the Day
Hillary: the Wal-Mart Videos

April 9, 2008

Paul Craig Roberts
The Fading American Economy

Winslow T. Wheeler
Congressional Theater: the Petraeus / Crocker Hearings

C. Hand
Why Dave Marash Left Al Jazeera

Paul Krassner
Sex and Violins

Paul Wolf
Colombian "Magnicidio" Remains a Mystery After 60 Years

Wajahat Ali
Alien Invasion!

Karyn Strickler
Lost in the Fumes: the Sierra Club Sells Out to Clorox

Dan La Botz
Confronting the Economic Crisis

Eric Walberg
The Shadow of Munich: Another NATO Flop

Robin Millenthal
Enough Already! Growth and the Tar Sands Economy

Website of the Day
Conservative Nanny State

April 8, 2008

Mike Whitney
Should Khalid Sheikh Mohammed be Set Free?

Nikolas Kozloff
Bush Bullies Congress on Colombia Deal

Greg Moses
Migrant Detention in South Texas

Joshua Frank
The Other Military Draft

John Ross
Mexico City's Urban Tribes Go on the Warpath Against EMOS

Michael Donnelly
Hillary's Western Swing

John V. Walsh
Why Obama Lost Massachusetts

Jeff Nygaard
Health, Security and Mandates

Bill Piper
Last Shot for a Bush Legacy?

Sen. Russ Feingold
Legal Representation and the Death Penalty

Website of the Day
Catonsville 9, Forty Years Later

April 7, 2008

Ishmael Reed
The Irish Black Thing

Harry Browne
Irish Peace Activist Acquitted; Deported

Uri Avnery
Tibet and Palestine

Lenni Brenner
Obama's Constitution, His Pastor and His Unbelieving Mom in Heaven

Ayesha Ijaz Khan
America Must Respect Pakistan's Democracy

Robert Fisk
Fearful Lives in the Land of the Free

Edwin Krales
Ensuring the Success of Fascism in Spain: the US Corporate Role

Chris Genovali
Vancouver Island's Dwindling Ancient Forests

Website of the Day
LA Artists Against War

April 5 / 6, 2008

Alexander Cockburn
Did the Elites Want MLK Dead?

Ramzy Baroud
There are No Checkpoints in Heaven

Ralph Nader
Runaway Bailouts

David Yearsley
How Scott Joplin Had Wall Street Down

Saul Landau
Sex Politics in America

Paul Craig Roberts
The Petraeus and Crocker Show

Lawrence Korb / Ian Moss
Rev. Jeremiah Wright, a True Patriot

Seth Sandronsky
Meet America's Promise Alliance: Colin Powell's New Gig

John Ross
La Cumbia de la Doctrina Bush: Colombia Kills Four Mexican Students in Ecuador Bombing

Robert Fantina
McCain, Republicans and Family Values

David Michael Green
Back to Disaster: Hoover at Home, Tet Abroad

Missy Beattie
McCan't

Patrick Bond
Vultures Circle Zimbabwe

Dr. Susan Block
The New American Pot Dealers

Phyllis Pollack
The Stones Meet the Press

Adam Engel
The Boobus in the Lie

Jeffrey St. Clair
Booked Up

Poets' Basement
Diamand and St. Clair

Website of the Weekend
Richard Pryor Goes to the Gun Shop

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The Very Model of "Murderous" Democracy

The Yumare Massacre, 22 Years On

By GEORGE CICCARIELLO-MAHER

Caracas.

May 8th marks the 22nd anniversary of the Massacre of Yumare, one of the most infamous chapters of Venezuela’s murderous “model democracy.” But despite its place in the past, the event is frighteningly relevant for the struggles of the present.

Venezuela’s so-called “model democracy,” so frequently celebrated by foreign social scientists, was never particularly democratic. If anything, the “model” was one of stability: the exclusionary Pact of Punto Fijo signed in 1958 would guarantee nearly four decades of uninterrupted two-party rule. But while this system was unresponsive to the demands of the poorer segments of society, it would be many years before these demands would come to effectively challenge the state.

In the 1960s and 70s, low-level guerrilla warfare attracted and absorbed the energies of the most revolutionary of Venezuelans, many of whom had recognized the anti-democratic nature of puntofijismo as early as 1960. But government repression and pacification strategies were largely effective, by the end of the decade, in both inflicting heavy casualties on the scattered guerrilla fronts, and more crucially in cutting off the organic linkages between the guerrillas and their mass base. By the 1970s, the armed struggle was largely defeated (the Communist Party had withdrawn support in the mid-60s), and militants were forced into an extended period of reflection and self-criticism.

One effort to reconnect with the masses took place in the electoral realm, through parties such as ex-guerrilla (and current opposition opportunist) Teodoro Petkoff’s MAS and Alfredo Maneiro’s (also an ex-guerrilla) more grassroots Radical Cause (LCR). But many, notably students and urban activists, were skeptical about the effectiveness of electoral politics, and with some justification: government “pacification” sought precisely to corral radical forces into the enemy territory of the electoral realm, where bipartisan domination reigned. History vindicates this skepticism: while these parties were not unimportant in a general sense (and LCR specifically made significant contributions to popular organizing), none earned more than around 5% of the vote during the 1970s.

The “Socialization” of Rebellion and Repression

It was in the heart of this period of self-critical reflection on the left that economic crisis hit: beginning with the 1983 devaluation of the Bolívar, known as “Black Friday” (part of the Venezuelan government’s first heterodox effort at neoliberal reform) the economy went into a tailspin. Structural adjustment efforts meant that it would be the population that would bear the brunt of these macroeconomic difficulties: as median incomes crashed and unemployment increased, so too did everyday costs skyrocket, and unsurprisingly, levels of societal violence.

Revolutionaries and government alike were confronted with a popular rebelliousness. While this should have been an improved situation for the former, who were, after all, looking to reconnect with the masses, the government response hindered their efforts to wriggle out of clandestinity. According to Roland Denis, longtime radical organizer, as popular rebellion spread horizontally throughout society, so too did repression cast a wide net: hence the birth of what Denis terms the “socially-repressive state,” one which rather than fighting the guerrilla begins instead to fight the people whose demands it cannot meet. Alongside the everyday violence of hunger and insecurity, there appeared a “socialization of violence” by the repressive structures of the state. Or rather, whose demands it would not meet, since a series of corrupt and reactionary Venezuelan governments had abandoned all pretension toward a social will, an effort to perform social functions within society.

In this context of socialized violence, and groping toward a resolution of the contradiction of the failure of the guerrilla struggle, many revolutionaries skeptical of electoral entrism turned to what was deemed the “Social-Historic Current” (CHS), an effort to re-found mass revolutionary movements beyond clandestine organizing. The “Social-Historic Current” was a broad effort to come to terms with the failures of the guerrilla struggle. In it, according to Denis, a key participant at the time, various sectors came together, from non-orthodox Marxists to radical Christians to Afro and Indigenous movements, all united broadly under a budding Bolivarianism. This a movement which sought to resurface as a public current, but one which also represented a critique of the existing legal leftist parties as well as a critique of the state. The CHS was, in short, a groundbreaking effort at constructing a locally-rooted bottom-up method of organizing, one which placed primary emphasis on local self-control of political, cultural, and economic organization.

The response by Venezuela’s “model democracy,” which had spent decades attempting to de-fang the guerrilla through “pacification” campaigns, was as unambiguous as it was ironic. The Venezuelan state in its “socially-repressive” phase could not afford to allow mass organizing in these newly-rebellious sectors: the “Social-Historic Current” would meet the “socially-repressive state” head-on.

A State Policy of Massacre

But before there was Yumare, there was Cantaura. On October 4th 1982, 1,500 army regulars encircled 41 alleged members of the Américo Silva guerrilla front in the eastern Venezuelan state of Anzoategui, while four aircraft dropped a total of seventeen 250-pound bombs on the location. A total of 23 guerrillas, mostly from the Bandera Roja (Red Flag) organization, were killed while participating in an unarmed meeting between guerrilla and student leaders. Foreshadowing later tactics, the meeting had been infiltrated by government intelligence agents, and the victims were dressed in military garb to simulate armed combat.

According to a recent historical analysis by Aporrea.org, the Yumare Massacre has its roots in the infiltration of the CHS by four agents of the state security agency, DISIP, who operated within the Current for more than a year. It was these infiltrators, Norberto Rebanales, Alirio Rebanales, Bergenis Beraciarte and Rafael Rojas, who then proposed a meeting to discuss the development of the CHS, and it was these same government infiltrators who selected a rural location in which to hold the fateful event. DISIP planning for the massacre began in March, a full two months prior to the event.

Once organizers had arrived at the chosen location, driven by the infiltrators themselves, they were captured by the DISIP, tortured, and executed. Autopsies showed that the victims were shot through the head and chest with military weaponry, and that some had been shot execution-style at point-blank range. At some point, members of the SHC captured and tortured elsewhere were brought to the site and executed as well. The total death toll was nine. At some point, a guerrilla ambush was simulated, and after the massacre, the corpses were dressed in military fatigues and paraded before an uncritical press, which duly repeated the official line regarding the massacre.

The novel hope represented by the “Social-Historic Current” was embodied in the victims of Yumare. To mention only a few: Dilia Rojas was a barrio organizer and founder of the Carabobo Neighborhood Association (who had previously participated in the epic 1976 tunnel escape from Cuartel San Carlos in Caracas), Pedro Jiménez a transport union organizer, Ronald Morao was active in the Popular Culture Front and edited a radical newspaper in Catia, José Silva founded the Francisco de Miranda Cultural Center in Valencia, Simon Romero (not to be confused with the lazy and reactionary New York Times editor of the same name) was an accomplished singer-songwriter, and Rafael Quevedo was a student leader at the Pedagogic University of Caracas.

While there certainly remains in these two massacres the targeted policy used against the guerrillas, we can nevertheless discern a trend, and one which overlaps directly with the onset of economic crisis and the concomitant social rebellion. While the Cantaura Massacre targeted some actual combatants engaged in the Américo Silva Front, Yumare was an attack on unarmed social and cultural leaders, whose activities were nevertheless forced into clandestinity. This is why Denis, who lost some close friends at Yumare, nevertheless deems Cantaura “the end of the guerrilla struggle.” And Yumare, with its unashamed killing of non-combatants, prefigured the Amparo Massacre two years later in 1988, in which 15 fishermen were slaughtered in Apure under the bogus claim that they were preparing a guerrilla attack. And both of these bloodbaths represented a perverse prelude to the 1989 Caracazo riots, after which government troops would be sent to the poor barrios to slaughter thousands.

Henry López Sisco’s Bloody Trail

If there is a single bloody thread that ties these massacres together, his name is Henry López Sisco. López Sisco, former head of state intelligence agency DISIP, was in charge of nearly the entire Venezuelan state policy of massacre and targeted killings, including not only Cantaura, Yumare, and El Amparo, but also the 1976 torture and murder of Socialist League founder (and father of the recent Vice President of the same name) Jorge Rodríguez and countless others.

In 1989, after a sham trial in which the victim’s families were threatened and not allowed to testify, a military judge ruled that since the victims were themselves guilty of an amorphous charge of “rebellion,” the DISIP was not guilty of criminal activity in their deaths. A higher military court would later contradict this decision, finding various contradictions in the original ruling. These included: the fact that photographs from the scene showed vegetation unsuitable for an ambush, the manner in which the victims were killed, the lack of police casualties in the alleged ambush, the lack of any indication that the victims had fired weapons, etc.

In 2005, the National Assembly of Venezuela created a “Special Commission to Investigate the Murder, Disappearance, and Torture of Venezuelans During the Decades of the 60s, 70s, and 80s. However, the commission lasted only five months, before being dissolved amid budget issues, but not without first carrying out significant research into the crimes of the era. At present, the lawyers previously associated with the commission are working in the courts and the Interior Ministry to fully investigate these events. 22 years later, this investigation is nearing completion. In September of 2006, some 29 participants in the Yumare Massacre were charged, including both then-president Jaime Lusinchi and López Sisco himself. Moreover, given the centrality of the latter’s role, he was ordered immediately detained, but managed (as is all-too-often the case) to slip out of the country. López Sisco, this mastermind of the Venezuelan political massacre, is currently seeking political asylum in Costa Rica.

Today, we cannot let this event pass as a mere unfortunate episode from the past, for it weighs equally heavily on the present. Firstly, by remembering the Yumare Massacre, we can properly understand how drastically Venezuela has changed in a few short years. Slowly but surely, police forces are being purged and the DISIP is being reined in. As a result, thousands of revolutionaries representing hundreds of organizations that would have been forced into clandestinity in the past are now able to operate above ground, openly disseminating revolutionary ideas and recruiting new members. No matter what our inevitably critiques of the equally inevitable shortcomings of the Bolivarian Revolution, we should never forget how things were before.

More importantly, however, is that the Yumare Massacre, and the state violence of the 1980s more generally, helps to tell us who the Venezuelan opposition really is and what it represents. Behind the discourse of unity, behind the nominally social-democratic orientation of the anti-Chávez opposition’s main party A New Era (UNT), lies the ugly face of a violent past. Without even a hint of irony or apology, former opposition “unity candidate” and UNT head Manuel Rosales worked alongside the very same Henry López Sisco, his security chief in Zulia State from 2002 on. Later, upon being questioned, Rosales insisted, somewhat incredibly, that he knew nothing of López Sisco’s past when he named him security chief. Despite his best efforts to distance himself from the “socially-repressive state” of the past, Rosales’ “New Era” promises to be but a murderous repetition of the all-too-familiar Old Era of Venezuela’s “model democracy.”

George Ciccariello-Maher is a Ph.D. candidate in political theory at U.C. Berkeley, who is currently in Venezuela writing a people’s history of the Bolivarian Revolution, entitled We Created Him. He can be reached by email at gjcm(at)berkeley.edu.