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Today's Stories

July 30 / 31, 2005

JoAnn Wypijewski
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Sheldon Rampton
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July 29, 2005

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July 28, 2005

Paul Craig Roberts
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William S. Lind
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Gilad Atzmon
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July 27, 2005

Roger Morris
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Gary Leupp
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Paul Craig Roberts
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Jackie Corr
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Mike Whitney
The Coming End of the Housing Bubble

Dave Zirin
Why Lance Armstrong Must Break with Bush

Christopher Bradley
Why I Have Trouble Reading the News

Norman Solomon
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July 26, 2005

Suren Pillay
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JoAnn Wypijewski
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Patrick Cockburn
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David Anderson
When the Greatest Outrage is the Lack of Outrage: NYC's Subway Searches

Joshua Frank
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Lenni Brenner
Biography as Wish-Fulfillment: Jefferson, Hitchens and Atheism

David Swanson
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July 25, 2005

Paul Craig Roberts
China-Mart Takes Over

M. Shahid Alam
Terrorism: America Defines Its Targets

Uri Avnery
March of the Orange Shirts

Stan Cox
Kreationism in Kansas

Norman Solomon
"Wagging the Puppy"

Ramzy Baroud
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Mickey Z.
No Gun Ri: 55 Years Later

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July 23 / 24, 2005

Alexander Cockburn
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Tariq Ali
The War Comes Home

Robert Fisk
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Dave Lindorff
Return of the Academic Witch Hunts

Ricardo Alarcón
Kidnapping in Miami: the UN, the US and the Cuban 5

Col. Dan Smith
Living in a Twilight Zone: Troop Strength, Recruitment and the Draft

Brian Cloughley
The Pentagon's China Hypocrisy

Kevin Zeese
Growing Republican Opposition to Iraq War

Bill Quigley
Harrowing Hours in Haiti

Fred Gardner
The Reverberations of Raich

Rep. Ron Paul
The Patriot Act is a Threat to Liberty

Joshua Frank
Framing Abortion: Gonadal Politics and the Democrats

Shivali Tukdeo
Project Mumbai Makeover: Casualties of Development

Gilad Atzmon
Blair's "Evil Ideology"

James Petras
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Ben Tripp
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July 22, 2005

Heather Gray
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David Domke
The American Press and Credibility

Lance Selfa
Battle of the Insiders: No Heroes in the Plame Leak Scandal

JoAnn Wypijewski
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July 21, 2005

Rose Ann DeMoro
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William Blum
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Christopher Brauchli
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Brian Concannon, Jr.
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Patrick Cockburn
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July 20, 2005

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Judge Roberts: Business as Usual

Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
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Ray McGovern
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Chris Floyd
Judge Dread: John Roberts and the "Enemy Combatants"

Uri Avnery
"Silence is Filth"

Dave Lindorff
Westmoreland's Body Count Goes Up by One

Norman Solomon
Gen. Westmoreland's Death Wish

Bill Quigley
Travels in Haiti with a Wanted Priest

 

 

 

July 19, 2005

Tariq Ali
An Isolated Regime

John Ross
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Davey D.
More Clear Channel Censorship: "Don't F--K Around with Tha Police"

Greg Weiher
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Joshua Frank
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July 18, 2005

Joshua Frank
An Interview with Ward Churchill

M. Shahid Alam
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Jude Wanniski
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Ron Jacobs
A Weekend to Stop the War

Mike Whitney
The Straight Line Between Falluja and King's Cross Station

William MacDougall
From "Bring It On" to "London Can Take It"

Seth Sandronsky
Temporary Recovery: New Frontiers in Labor Flexibility

Richard Lichtman
The Consolations of George Lakoff

Paul Craig Roberts
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Novels of the Neo-Cons

 

July 15 / 17, 2005

Alexander Cockburn
Don't You Dare Call It Treason

Jeffrey St. Clair
Sticky Fingers: the Making of Halliburton

Paul Craig Roberts
Economic Treason

Harry Browne
"What They Do to Us, They Will Do to You": Shell Oil in Mayo, Ireland

Uri Davis, Ilan Pappe and Tamar Yaron
A Warning from Israel

Andrew Rubin
End of the Enlightenment: an Open Letter to Stephen Plaut

Patrick Cockburn
Iraq's Ghost Battalions

J.L. Chestnut, Jr.
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Fred Gardner
A Professional Bust

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July 14, 2005

Jeffrey St. Clair
Sticky Fingers: the Making of Halliburton

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A Worldwide Call to Free Akbar Ganji

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July 13, 2005

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Water on the Brain

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July 12, 2005

Laith al-Saud
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Kara N. Tina
"This is How We Do It": Report from the Gleneagles Battlefield

William A. Cook
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Jack Bratich
2 Live Cruise: Tom Cruise v. Big Pharma

Amina Mire
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July 9 / 11, 2005

Alexander Cockburn
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Uri Avnery
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Sheldon Rampton
Blaming Galloway: Rhetoric vs. Reality in London

Bill Christison
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Robert Fisk
Blair's Alliance with Bush Bombed

Stephen Winspear
Collateral Damage in London?

Saul Landau
Mission Accomplished: Iraq is Broken

Behrooz Ghamari
Thomas Friedman's Muslim Problem

Karl Beitel
False Promises and Real Debt Relief

Brian Concannon, Jr.
Throwing Gasoline on Haiti's Fires

Fred Gardner
Sentencing Season

John Whitlow
And What Does the Market Say?

Niranjan Ramakrishnan
The London Blasts: Who's Being Transformed, Them or Us?

Lila Rajiva
Witches and Bastards

Laura Carlsen
CAFTA: Deepening the Inequities

Jackie Corr
Ted Turner and Jiminy Cricket

Dave Lindorff
"My Brother Went Over There Gung Ho; Now He's Just Bitter"

N. D. Jayaprakash
Why the CIA Tried to Kill Chou En Lai at the Bandung Conference

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Meet the "Truth Tour": Rightwing Radio Hosts Go to Iraq

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July 8, 2005

Paul Craig Roberts
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Monica Benderman
One Soldier's Fight to Legalize Morality

Rick Jahnkow
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Christopher Brauchli
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Kim Peterson
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July 7, 2005

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Cockburn / St. Clair
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Weekend Edition
July 30 / 31, 2005

The Napoleon of Mekamui

Francis Ona's Role and Plekhanov

By MAX WATTS

Thoughts:

Many years ago a Russian called Plekhanov wrote a series of articles on "The Role of the Individual in History". Plek also introduced the writings of Karl Marx, who had then, this was1883, just died in London, to Tsarist Russia. Amongst his readers was one Vladimir Ulianov, later himself an important individual known as Lenin.

Plek's thesis, as I remember, was that given certain economic and political conditions a certain space for individual "leaders" opened up, and that under such conditions someone would come forward, and fill this place. Take on the new, historically necessary, role. Writing around 1890, Plek analysed particularly the role of General Buonaparte, famous as Napoleon.

His fundamental point: The French Revolution would, given the failures of the "Ancien" Feudal/Royalist regime, have happened anyway, liberating enormous social forces for change, progress. Nappy, or Bony, as his English enemies called him, seized the time, the leadership. Had it not been him, had this Buonaparte died earlier or been elsewhere, someone else, Hoche, whoever, would have taken the job, of channeling, braking, and then exporting, the French Revolution. The French Bourgeoisie, having taken enough power, would have found another, suitable "Good Sword" to stop the lower classes from endangering its new rule.

Plek was aware that Nappy was as it turned out a quite exceptional general, winning (and sometimes losing!) battles far and wide. However, his point was that the job required somebody like that. Of course, another General might not have been quite that "grandiose", might not have made the same mistakes. Did Nappy really have to march half a million men in the Grande Armee into Russia and their death in 1812?

These thoughts came to my mind when I sat down to write an obituary about Francis Ona. Leader, and General, of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army BRA, self-crowned (as was Nappy, in France, Emperor) King of Mekamui, Bougainville.

All proportions taken into account, Ona was as remarkable a leader as--in his time, in his country--Napoleon. Of course: the time is not the same, and Mekamui, although it is often given the French Aristocrats' name: Bougainville, is not France.

But as Napoleon, initially but a junior French artillery officer in the revolutionary armies harnessed the unexpected and at the time incredible energies of the French Revolution to win, for two decades, against the combined forces of the then rulers, the kings and feudal lords of "the entire world", (well, of Europe), so Francis Ona, an unknown minor "native" employee of Bougainville Copper Ltd BCL, that is of Conzinc Rio Tinto Australia CRA, led an priori hopeless revolt of some , first just a few dozen, "natives" against the mercenaries of the PNG riot police, against the Papua New Guinea "Defense Force", in fact against Australian Imperialism, against the world-wide mining Giant Rio Tinto. For years Ona was only a hunted "terrorist" in the mountains of Bougainville, with a 200,000 Kina price on his head, dead or alive. No one, certainly not the mining company, nor its henchmen in Canberra, London, or Port Moresby, thought he had a chance. I never met him, but thanks to the devotion of the BRA soldiers, of Bishop Zale in his radio-shack/living room in Gizo, of the oft forgotten Australian "Joan of Arc" (though no virgin!) Rosemarie Gillespie of the Bougainville Freedom Movement's activists in Australia, of the rare "real journos" and film-makers who defied the blockade, of too many others to name,. I was able to speak to him, his mates, by a tenous, often interrupted, radio linkup. One conversation particularly remains in my mind, I think it was in the darkest days, after the BRA had lost the capital, Arawa. I asked Francis how he, the BRA, could continue their apparently hopeless struggle ?

Ona replied: "Papua New Guinea we can beat in a week. Australia, Rio Tinto that will take a little longer" A good line, but is it for real ? I was wrong. Ona was right.

Another (radio) conversation, with BRA Field Commander Ishmael Toroama, late in 1995. Things still looked pretty bleak, but Ishmael says: "We will win the war, next year." They did. In 1996 the BRA defeated the PNG "colonial" army, its Australian "advisors", in Buka, Koromira, Aropa, Kangu Beach, Buin.. The BRA "marine" shot it out succesfully with the Australian-flown Iroqois Helicopter gunships, the Australian supplied "speed boats" lost sea battle between Bougainville and the Solomons, the blockade of the island began to fail.

Massacres continued, but now even the great brains in Canberra realised they were losing that war. They told their PNG servant, Prime Minister Chan: "We'll cut our losses, negotiate". Chan, humiliated , rebuffed, went ballistic and, without even consulting his Australian bosses, bought some British/South African "Sandline" mercenaries. For US $ 36 Million, big money there, then.

Sandline boss Lt.Colonel Tim Spicer (hastily retired from the British army, leaving some unanswered questions about murdered Irishmen behind) spun Chan an "alternative war plan". Sandlines would put down Ona, the BRA, just as it had done in Africa for other mining companies. Spicer's gunships would kill all in central Bougainville, targetting their thousand 60 mms rockets onto body-heat identified humans. And so "recover the lost Panguna" mine.

We should remember this plan, when we think about terrorists, bombingSpicer, when last heard from, was actively running mercenaries in Baghdad for Mr. Bush. For some, I'm told , $ 300 million a year, an upgrade from his failed, but paid-for, Bougainville ops. But then in mid-March 1997 even the PNG military commander, Brig. Gen Jerry Singirok, would no longer buy Sandline's blood-bath. Singirok realised this killing wouldn't work, would not reopen the Panguna mine. He revolted, with the help of his officers ! And when the PNG officers became scared of their own courage, their rank and file soldiers, who'd finally had enough massacring Bougainville villagers, took over the movement, backed by the Port Moresby masses. "We support our Resisting Soldiers, and Peace in Bougainville" .

Spicer in Port Moresby got a black eye, Sandlines was thrown out of PNG, and, in Bougainville, Francis Ona recognised a historic moment. He held out his hand to Singirok, his long-time PNG opponent. We shall make Peace. De Facto, this, followed by much de jure talking, ended the war. The Bougainvillians had won, Rio Tinto, Australia, had lost.

Back to Plekhanov: I've heard a story, wasn't there. It may be true. It's late 1988. No shooting, violence, yet. Francis Ona is negotiating with BCL/Rio Tinto--about the Environmental Damages the Panguna mine is causing on Bougainville. He asks for ten Billion Kinas, dollars, compensation. The Mine managers, BCL bosses, laugh at him. "Ten Billion ! That's more than the whole mine is worth !" Ona says: "Don't you laugh at me in my country !" Walks out, slams door, goes to the company store with some mates, takes out 50 kilos of dynamite and blows down an electric pylon. Stops the Panguna mine. This riles BCL into calling the cops, then the army, killing Bougainvillians, starting a 10,000 plus dead Revolutionary War.

What would have happened had Francis Ona said: "Ten Million" (not Ten Billion) ?. BCL might well have answered: How about Five ? A Bee, an eM, a--perhaps--misheard ? Letter ? What is the role of this accident in history ?

A small, black, people, on a far-off island in the Pacific, have shown that "we can win". Against the combined forces of world capital, New Flag Imperialist Australia, their local servants.

Sure,. the objective conditions were right for a reaction against the Mining Company. But, without Ona, would Bougainville have become the first, sofar perhaps the only, successful, such revolt ? (Panguna, as I write, remains closed--though the BCL shares -"they've heard: "Ona is dead"! - are climbing thru the roof."

Would this all have happened without the role of that individual: once-BCL surveyor Francis Ona? Of the role of the accident in history ? I leave these answers to Plekhanov. Personally, I think Plek was having a bob each way Sometimes it's one person, an accident, which make a real difference. Sometimes it's the mass movement, the historical wave, which is all-important..

Whatever happens now, later, the Bougainville victory over Rio Tinto--and it was led by Francis Ona! -- remains a lesson for others, world-wide. Things will never be the same again. We will not Forget !

Max Watts can be reached at rosiek@bigpond.com